The polar vortex is a ring of cold air that typically circles the Arctic. A strong jet stream essentially acts like a fence, keeping it locked there. If there's any weakening in the jet stream (the fence), the frigid air can become unstable and spill out. This sends the normally trapped cold air much farther south.

The most unusually cold air in the Northern Hemisphere will be over the United States early next week, bringing dangerously frigid conditions.