their spread and scale are nothing compared to what scientists are observing in Java, Indonesia’s most developed island where 56 per cent of the country’s 280 million population reside.

The northern coast of Java island, Indonesia is under threat due to land subsidence, coastal abrasion and rising sea levels. In some areas, land has receded by more than 2km over the last 20 years ...

Beach activities are also well developed on the island, and the beaches ... for nature and culture lovers. Java is the cultural and historic centre of Indonesia. Its capital, Jakarta, is a vibrant ...

At Kedonganan Beach in southern Bali ... Most of the plastic waste originates from Java, the country's most populous island. Indonesia is among the world's largest contributors to plastic and ...