with the most common type being Adductor spasmodic dysphonia. This condition causes “sudden involuntary spasms that trigger the vocal cords to stiffen and slam closed.” Abductor spasmodic ...

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a neurological disorder caused ... Depending on the vocal cord muscles that are affected, there are three types: adductor (involuntary vocal cord closing), abductor ...

Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is being considered to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, has a very distinct voice. When he talks, you’ll notice a shaky raspiness that comes with his ...

Ten patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia, who exhibited spasmodic bursts and heightened activity of the cricothyroid muscle during speech, were selected for participation. Between 5 and 20 U ...

That's the result of a rare neurological condition known as spasmodic dysphonia, which has afflicted Kennedy for decades. "I have a tremble in my voice … particularly when I first start talking ...

There are three different types of the condition, with the most common type being Adductor spasmodic dysphonia. This condition causes “sudden involuntary spasms that trigger the vocal cords to stiffen ...